CATTI备考笔记 | 政府工作报告翻译要点学习来了（1）

食用指南：

✔本文为2021政府工作报告逐句学习笔记，每句包含原文译文对照、重要表达对应翻译、重要词汇、翻译技巧提示等。

✔本文为系列文章，之后将持续更新，预计在5月底更新完毕。

✔ 本文可用于MTI、CATTI备考学习。

【1】现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also ask members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) for their comments.

📝要点：

• 国务院：State Council

• 全国政协委员：National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

【2】过去一年，在新中国历史上极不平凡。

Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of the People’s Republic of China.

📝要点：

• “极不平凡”如何翻译？

  需要根据上下文具体分析，灵活变换译法。我们可以通过学习其他文件的翻译进行积累：

• 第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。

  The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress (NPC) have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development. （2018年政府工作报告）

• 十八大以来的五年，是党和国家发展进程中极不平凡的五年。

  The five years since the 18th National Congress have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of the development of the Party and the country.（十九大报告）

• 刚刚过去的2020年是极不平凡的一年。

  Last year was extremely challenging.（乐玉成在中国日报社“新时代大讲堂”上的致辞）

• 回顾中国共产党领导人民消除绝对贫困的艰辛历程，极不平凡，极不容易。

  The strenuous process whereby the CPC has led the Chinese people in the battle against poverty has been extraordinary and difficult.（《人类减贫的中国实践》白皮书）

【3】面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情、世界经济深度衰退等多重严重冲击，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民顽强拼搏，疫情防控取得重大战略成果，在全球主要经济体中唯一实现经济正增长，脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，决胜全面建成小康社会取得决定性成就，交出一份人民满意、世界瞩目、可以载入史册的答卷。

Facing the severe combined impact of a sudden coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession, we the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, responded with tremendous tenacity. 

We achieved major strategic success in our response to Covid-19 and China was the world’s only major economy to achieve growth. We attained a complete victory in the fight against poverty, and we scored decisive achievements in securing a full victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

Indeed, our achievements, which have won the approval of our people and global recognition, will be remembered in history.

📝要点：

• 许多同学看到本句后第一感觉是无从下手，这时要注意按照英文思维找到句子框架，给句子做好成分分析，以及断句。

  如本句可做如下大致划分：

  大背景：【面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情、世界经济深度衰退等多重严重冲击，】

  条件：【在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，】

主干信息：【全国各族人民顽强拼搏，】

结果：【疫情防控取得重大战略成果，在全球主要经济体中唯一实现经济正增长，脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，决胜全面建成小康社会取得决定性成就，交出一份人民满意、世界瞩目、可以载入史册的答卷。】

如难以翻出全部句子内容，可先翻译主干信息，再把其他成分填进去。

• 注意此处“顽强拼搏”的对象是前面提到的“大背景”内容，用“respond”较为合适。

【4】全年发展主要目标任务较好完成，我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设又取得新的重大进展。

Our development goals and tasks for the year were accomplished, and major headway has been made in China’s reform, opening up, and socialist modernization drive.

📝要点：

• “社会主义现代化建设”中的“建设”如何翻译？同样，我们可以学习一下其他文件的翻译，多积累：

• ……为我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设打下了坚实基础

This has laid solid foundations for China’s reform and opening up as well as the socialist modernization drive. （把乡村振兴战略作为新时代“三农”工作总抓手）

• 在社会主义现代化建设进程中，妇女生产力不断释放，就业领域更加广泛。

  Throughout the process of socialist modernization, women’s productivity has been continuously unleashed and their employment options also broadened.

• 有力推动了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设

  ...providing a strong boost for reform, opening up, and socialist modernization

【5】①在艰辛的抗疫历程中，党中央始终坚持人民至上、生命至上，习近平总书记亲自指挥、亲自部署，//②各方面持续努力，不断巩固防控成果。

Throughout this fierce battle against Covid-19, the CPC Central Committee put protecting the people and human life above everything else, with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally taking charge and making response decisions. //Thanks to the tireless efforts of all of us, our gains in controlling Covid-19 were continuously consolidated.

📝要点：

• 本句翻译难点在于断句+找句子主干。以上"//"处断句是根据“主语变换”而定，①主语为“党中央”，②主语为“各方面”。

• 人民至上、生命至上：put protecting the people and human life above everything else

【6】①我们针对疫情形势变化，及时调整防控策略，健全常态化防控机制，有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，//②最大限度保护了人民生命安全和身体健康，为恢复生产生活秩序创造必要条件。

In response to evolving epidemic dynamics, we made well-timed adjustments to our response approaches. We improved routine control mechanisms and effectively suppressed several local outbreaks of the epidemic. With these actions, we protected the health and safety of the people to the greatest extent possible, and created the conditions for returning to normal life and work.

📝要点：

• 本句翻译难点之一在于断句。以上"//"处断句是根据“信息变换”而定，①主要讲“我们”采取了什么行动，②的内容是①的结果。注意，为避免译文句子过长，①可再拆分为两句话进行翻译。

• “疫情形势变化”可理解为“不断发展变化的疫情形式”，动词转为形容词译为：“evolving epidemic dynamics”。

• dynamics可表示“动态”、“变动中的态势”。如：market dynamics 市场动态 / electoral dynamics 选情 / public opinion dynamics 舆情 / popularity dynamics 人气的起伏

• 常态化防控机制：routine control mechanisms

• routine adj. happening as a normal part of a job or process常规的; 例行的; 惯常的:

  You mustn't worry. These are just routine enquiries.你不必担心，这只是例行的询问。

  routine maintenance work例行的维修工作

  a routine operation常规操作

•  处置局部地区聚集性疫情: ...suppressed several local outbreaks of...

• suppress [VERB 动词] 压制，抑制，阻止(进程或活动)；If someone or something suppresses a process or activity, they stop it continuing or developing. [V n]

  'The Government is suppressing inflation by devastating the economy,' he said...

  他说，“政府正在通过破坏经济来抑制通货膨胀。”

【7】一年来，我们贯彻党中央决策部署，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，主要做了以下工作。

Last year, we carried out the following work in implementing the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, and to respond to Covid-19 and advance economic and social development:

📝要点：

• 本句翻译难点在于找准句子主干：我们主要做了以下工作。“贯彻党中央决策部署，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展”可以分别理解为“方式”和“目的”。

• 贯彻：implement

• 决策：decisions and plans

【8】一是围绕市场主体的急需制定和实施宏观政策，稳住了经济基本盘。

1. We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs of market entities and kept the fundamentals of the economy stable.

📝要点：

• 本句翻译难点在于划清句子成分、汉语无主句补充主语。

  【主干】（我们）制定和实施宏观政策 

  【目的】围绕市场主体的急需

  【结果】稳住了经济基本盘

• 市场主体：market entities

• 制定和实施宏观政策：formulated and implemented macro policies

• 经济基本盘：the fundamentals of the economy

【9】①面对历史罕见的冲击，我们在“六稳”工作基础上，明确提出“六保”任务，特别是保就业保民生保市场主体，// ②以保促稳、稳中求进。

Facing shocks of a severity rarely seen before, based on what we had done to ensure stability on six key fronts, we carried out the task of maintaining security in six key areas—particularly job security, basic living needs, and the operations of market entities.* By maintaining security, we were able to deliver stability while also pursuing progress.

* The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations. The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs,  operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.

📝要点：

• 本句翻译难点在于断句+划清句子成分。断句见“//”。①句的成分划分如下：

  【背景】面对历史罕见的冲击，我们在“六稳”工作基础上，

  【主干】（我们）明确提出“六保”任务，特别是...

• 历史罕见的冲击：shocks of a severity rarely seen before

【10】立足国情实际，既及时果断又保持定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”，科学把握规模性政策的平衡点。

Based on China’s realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but took swift, decisive and well-considered steps, thus maintaining a desired balance between various macro policies. 

📝要点：

• 国情实际：China's realities

• refrain from (doing) sth: formal 克制，抑制，忍住;

  Please refrain from smoking in this area.请勿在此处吸烟。

• "大水漫灌“：a deluge of strong stimulus policies

  deluge [N-COUNT 可数名词] 大量涌来;大批泛滥；A deluge of things is a large number of them which arrive or happen at the same time. [usu sing]

  This has brought a deluge of criticism.

  这一下子招来了铺天盖地的批评。

• "科学把握”中“科学”需要具体情况具体分析，不可一概译为”scientific“。

  试比较：

• 如果美国能够科学应对，事情本不必如此。（2020年美国侵犯人权报告）

  Had the American authorities taken science-based measures to contain the pandemic, this could have been avoided. 

• 立足国情实际，既及时果断又保持定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”，科学把握规模性政策的平衡点……
  Taking into account China’s national conditions and realities, we took prompt and decisive action while maintaining our resolve, and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies. Instead, we balanced large-scale economic policies...（关于2020年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2021年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告）